2 surprising health tips modern-day ‘cavemen’ can teach us

Nowadays, everyone from your brother to your boss to your great aunt Glenda is following the paleo diet to lose weight and gain health.

But even though there are plenty of people who would rather sit on their insurance company’s customer service hold line for eternity than give up their cauliflower rice and egg-filled avocados, there’s still skepticism about whether the caveman lifestyle really works.

You’ve probably heard some of the arguments against it…

“Cavemen only lived to 30, why would you want to eat like them?”

Or…

“Paleo food is high in cholesterol. You’ll clog your arteries!”

Then again, lots of people who follow a paleo-inspired lifestyle say they’ve never felt better… like Easy Health Options’ own Margaret Cantwell who tackled brain fog, arthritis, and high blood pressure by going paleo or Dr. Terry Wahls who reversed her secondary progressive MS by following a paleo-inspired diet.

But anecdotal reports aren’t enough for the paleo haters. Only scientific data will do… and lots of it.

It’s just too bad there aren’t cavemen around we could study to see if modeling our lifestyle after them really makes sense… and if we’re doing it right.

Unfortunately, the last caveman died about 40,000 years ago. But Duke University researchers think they found an acceptable stand-in — the Hadza people of Tanzania.

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Modern-day “cavemen” show the caveman diet isn’t set in stone

The Hadza people of Tanzania have a lifestyle that’s very similar to how ancient people probably lived.

They’re hunter-gatherers who walk four to seven miles per day. They hunt wild game, harvest honey, dig up tubers, pick berries and collect water and firewood — a life that’s as close to a paleolithic man as you can get.

And they experience a lot of benefits as a result…

  • Obesity is practically nonexistent (even as they get older, the Hadza’s waistlines stay slim).
  • Heart disease, diabetes, and high blood pressure are foreign concepts to them.
  • And most live into their 60s, 70s or 80s without the help of prescription medications or emergency care.

So, paleo dieters are probably on the right track. But there are few facts about the hunter-gatherer lifestyle that get mixed up in the modern-day interpretation…

Modern-day paleo eaters cut out grains and eat very little carbs. But that’s not necessarily how hunter-gathers do it… at least not the Hadza people.

Herman Pontzer, Duke University associate professor of evolutionary anthropology, says hunter-gatherer diets aren’t as meat-heavy and low-carb as paleo peeps believe.

“Contrary to the Paleo diet evangelists, hunter-gatherers eat a lot of starchy, sugary, carbohydrate-rich foods: tubers, honey, and even grains,” said Pontzer.

In a recent scientific review, Pontzer studied over 250 hunter-gatherer populations, and their diets varied quite a bit by region and season. But despite varied diets, all these hunter-gatherers had one thing in common — excellent metabolic health.

So, if you follow the paleo diet, it will have health benefits. But if the paleo diet’s not for you, don’t fret. There’s not ONE diet that everyone needs to eat to stay healthy. Humans can stay healthy through a variety of diets, Pontzer says.

Why exercise won’t help you lose weight

Besides revealing that the paleo diet might not be as strict as many make it out to be, Pontzer uncovered another compelling takeaway from his time studying the Hadza…

He learned that even though the Hadza exercised more in one day than most Americans do in a week, they didn’t burn more calories. How is that possible?

Pontzer says it’s because the human body adapts to your physical activity level. Your body doesn’t want to burn too many calories. That would threaten your survival. So, it spends fewer calories on other physiological processes. It learns to economize, just like you learn to clip coupons when cash is tight. It’s a matter of survival.

That’s bad news if you’re trying to lose weight by exercising, though. In fact, trying to lose weight through exercise alone may be impossible. In the words of Pontzer:

“You’re never going to run off your Krispy Kremes.”

Applying caveman principles to modern-day living

So, what’s the lesson here?

Well, that the paleo diet does have solid health benefits. Those benefits, however, may come from eating whole foods more than following a strict protein-to-carb ratio or the exclusion of all grains.

So, follow your heart… and stomach when it comes to what you eat. Go Paleo… or choose another whole food diet that works for you. Most importantly, find a diet that makes you feel good and that you can maintain for the long haul.

Another key takeaway?

If you really want to lose weight, focus on your diet, not your exercise routine. Keep exercising, of course, but for different reasons, like better brain health, a happy mood, a lower cancer risk, a healthy heart, sturdy bones and strong muscles.

Sources:

  1. Living like a caveman won’t make you thin — but it might make you healthy — MedicalXpress
  2. Hunter‐gatherers as models in public healthObesity Reviews
  3. Why did the Neanderthals die out? — The Guardian
Jenny Smiechowski

By Jenny Smiechowski

Jenny Smiechowski is a Chicago-based freelance writer who specializes in health, nutrition and the environment. Her work has appeared in online and print publications like Chicagoland Gardening magazine, Organic Lifestyle Magazine, BetterLife Magazine, TheFix.com, Hybridcars.com and Seedstock.com.

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