The face of heart attacks is changing

This is a blog I hoped I would never have to write.  

If you close your eyes and picture a heart attack patient, you probably see an older man, partially doubled over, clutching his chest. But according to a massive new study of 1 million hospitalizations, that image is dangerously outdated.

New research from the American Heart Association shows that heart attack deaths are actually climbing among adults under 55. Even more alarming? Younger women are more likely to die after their first heart attack than men of the same age.

The ‘Invisible’ Risk for Women

While we’ve made great strides in treating heart disease over the last twenty years, that progress seems to have skipped over younger women.

The study looked at two types of heart attacks: those caused by a sudden total blockage of a heart artery, and those caused by a partial (though still severe) blockage.

In both cases, women were less likely to make it out of the hospital alive.

Heart Attack Type	Death Rate (Women)	Death Rate (Men)
Full Blockage	3.1%	2.6%
Partial Blockage	1.0%	< 1%

As a refresher, heart attacks don’t happen because heart arteries narrow progressively over time. Heart attacks happen because a vulnerable area of soft plaque bursts, initiating a cascade of events leading to blood clot formation at the site of injury.

If that clot is big enough, it can suddenly block flow beyond it — either completely or nearly completely — cutting off vital blood supply to the heart muscle beyond the occlusion, leading to heart muscle damage.  

There are a couple of really important corollaries to this…

First, you don’t need severe blockages for this to happen. You just need some blockage to be present, even a mild one. 

Second, this is why someone can pass a stress test with flying colors on Monday and drop over dead on Wednesday. That person did not have severe blockages (so they passed a test that’s designed to detect severe blockages) — they happened to have an area of plaque that was predisposed to bursting.

Back to the study…

Why are younger women dying disproportionately? 

The data points to a “treatment gap.” Even when women had the same presentations as men, they were less likely to receive the procedures needed to fix the underlying cause of the attack, like emergent stent implantation. Delay or avoid that procedure long enough, and heart muscle damage becomes far more extensive and irreversible.

This care inequity probably stems from the fact that physicians don’t think of a heart attack as the first possible cause of heart-type symptoms in a premenopausal woman. 

After all, we’re not supposed to be at risk for these types of health issues until after menopause! This is not a bias — this has been a fact for a very long time.  

The finding that heart disease and its devastating effects are now affecting younger women is, frankly, shocking — and truly depressing.  

Looking at Risk Holistically

We all know the “classic” risks like cigarette smoking and high blood pressure. But this study found that nontraditional risks are actually the biggest predictors of whether a young person survives a heart attack.

These “hidden” factors hit younger women the hardest:

• Non-Tobacco Drug Use: Substance use is playing an increasing role in younger cardiac events.
• Kidney Health: Chronic kidney issues are a massive red flag that often goes ignored.
• Financial Stress: Being in a low-income bracket was the most common “nontraditional” factor. In fact, nearly 35% of the women in the severe heart attack group were in the lowest income level. Poverty and health are inextricably linked, and for young women, that link can be fatal. 

Poverty is a risk factor both financially and nutritionally. Low-cost, nutrient-poor, calorie-dense foods drive inflammation, blood pressure elevation, cholesterol abnormalities, as well as weight gain, leading to insulin resistance and blood sugar dysregulation — the perfect storm for creating vulnerable plaque.

The Takeaways: 

1. Don’t Ignore the Signs

We often dismiss chest pain in our 30s and 40s as “just stress” or “being tired.” This study clearly shows that we have to reorient our thinking, regardless of gender.

For women, specifically, other symptoms such as extreme fatigue, a dull ache in the neck, jaw, back or either arm, indigestion, nausea or reflux that feels out of the ordinary or unusual shortness of breath should prompt the consideration that these symptoms might be heart-related, especially when risk factors are present.

Beyond the risk factors discussed above, inflammatory diseases (like lupus or rheumatoid arthritis) and/or a history of pregnancy complications (like preeclampsia or gestational diabetes) should also raise red flags.  

2. Be Your Own Best Advocate

If you feel “off,” don’t let a medical professional brush it off as “just anxiety.” Use direct language:

“I am concerned these symptoms could be cardiac-related. Given the recent data on heart attacks in women my age, I’d like to rule that out today. What tests can we run?”

3. Be Proactive

Don’t wait for symptoms to start thinking about your heart’s health. Getting your “numbers” checked is important, but perhaps more critical is reassessing what you are putting into your body. More than anything, diet is the biggest cumulative driver of heart disease.  

Diet is not always easy to get right, which is why Step One Foods is here to help. You don’t have to have high cholesterol to benefit from these foods! Think of it as a bit of daily insurance that you’re supplying your heart and your blood vessels with the nutrients they need to stay healthy.