Does your vitamin D level play a role in your COVID-19 risk?

There’s no denying that vitamin D plays an important role in your immune system.

Vitamin D helps regulate your immune response. More specifically, it helps your body determine when to send out its immune defenders… and how many to send. It’s also known to make immune cells, such as T cells and macrophages, more effective.

Now, during a serious pandemic like we’re facing, we all want our immune systems to be as strong as possible. And it sounds like vitamin D could potentially help. But is there any evidence that vitamin D can reduce the risk and/or severity of COVID-19 specifically?

The answer is yes and no.

While there have never been any studies on vitamin D’s impact on COVID-19, there have been plenty of studies on vitamin D’s impact on respiratory infections in general. And the results of these studies are strong enough to make researchers in Ireland suggest that boosting your vitamin D intake right now might be a good idea.

The connection between vitamin D and viral respiratory infections

Researchers from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) at Trinity College Dublin just released a report discussing vitamin D’s potential role in the COVID-19 pandemic.

In Ireland, just like in the U.S., a large chunk of the population is deficient in vitamin D. And researchers say that there’s plenty of previous research proving that this could make them more vulnerable to COVID-19.

Past research shows that vitamin D helps prevent respiratory infections. In fact, low vitamin D levels raise the risk of both respiratory diseases (like tuberculosis, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and respiratory infections caused by bacteria and viruses.

A recent analysis of the best existing studies on vitamin D’s role in viral respiratory infections like colds and flu found that taking vitamin D supplements significantly reduced the risk of developing one of these infections. In fact, people who took vitamin D supplements daily or weekly reduced their risk of at least one acute respiratory infection by 28 percentage points, from 60 percent to 32 percent.

Another recent scientific analysis found that people with low vitamin D levels were 64 percent more likely to develop community-acquired pneumonia. There’s also evidence that low vitamin D levels reduce lung function in general, which may mean a higher risk of COVID-19 complications.

On top of all that, there’s evidence that adequate vitamin D levels help your immune system respond better to all infections, respiratory or otherwise. As I mentioned earlier, vitamin D helps manage your immune response and strengthens your immune cells.

Vitamin D also has an anti-inflammatory effect on your body. As you know, a lot of people live with chronic, low-grade inflammation… especially older adults, the people most at risk for COVID-19. When your body’s already in a consistent state of inflammation, your immune system gets used to this pre-existing state of inflammation and may not respond as effectively when an actual infection comes your way.

What to do about D during this crazy time

All this evidence was sufficient for Irish researchers to recommend that adults over 50 take vitamin D supplements. But the fact is, many adults under age 50 could benefit from vitamin D supplementation as well.

Now, you can get vitamin D in foods like eggs, liver, and oily fish, as well as fortified foods like cereals and dairy products. But the biggest source of vitamin D by far is sun exposure. And there are plenty of people across all age groups who don’t get much sun, especially in northern climates. Plus, with new social distancing and quarantine guidelines, large segments of the population may be spending more time inside and getting even less sun than they normally do.

That’s why supplementation is a good idea. Vitamin D supplements are relatively safe, and the evidence suggests they could provide additional immune support during this trying time.

Typically, I’d recommend getting your vitamin D levels tested before starting supplementation, but you don’t want to add any unnecessary strain to the healthcare system right now. There are companies that make at-home vitamin D testing kits (like this one from EverlyWell). So, that’s something to consider.

The minimum recommended daily intake of D3 is 600 IU. But depending on how low your levels are, you might need anywhere from 1,000 to 4,000 IU per day to get your levels up. That’s why it’s good to know your baseline vitamin D levels if possible. But most healthcare providers agree that taking a vitamin D supplement that’s 5,000 IU per day or less won’t cause you any harm.

Sources:

1. Vitamin D could help fight off COVID-19 — MedicalXpress
2. Vitamin D deficiency in Ireland– implications for COVID-19. Results from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) — The Irish Longitudinal Study on Aging
3. Can Vitamin D Lower Your Risk of COVID-19? — Healthline
4. Vitamin D and the Immune System — Journal of Investigative Medicine
5. Vitamin D — Mayo Clinic